Making the Invisible Injury Visible

Every year, millions of people suffer traumatic brain injuries that are invisible to standard imaging. CT scans reveal bleeding, and conventional MRI reveals structural damage, but neither can see the metabolic disruptions that underlies TBI. Spectroscopy can.

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Raji CA, Rahmani F, et al.

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BMC Neurology
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2024

Rate of Quantitative Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

BrainSpec MRS identified abnormalities in 91.5% of chronic TBI cases, compared to 24.6% with visual MRI and 16.9% with DTI. Study of 65 individuals scanned median 37 months post-injury.

91.5%
Detected by BrainSpec MRS
24.6%
Detected by visual MRI
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Scientific Evidence

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Rate of Quantitative Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

Raji CA, Rahmani F, et al.

BrainSpec MRS identified abnormalities in 91.5% of chronic TBI cases, compared to 24.6% with visual MRI and 16.9% with DTI. Study of 65 individuals scanned median 37 months post-injury.
View publication

Repeated Sub-Concussive Impacts and the Negative Effects of Contact Sports on Cognition and Brain Integrity

Ntikas M, Binkofski F, Shah NJ, Ietswaart M

MRS can help detect repetitive sub-concussive injury even when neurocognitive testing is normal.
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Traumatic Brain Injury and Subconcussive Hits: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Joyce JM, La PL, Walker R, Harris AD

Meta-analysis found NAA reduction across all severities of TBI. MRS identified injury even when neurocognitive testing was normal.
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The clinical utility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in traumatic brain injury: recommendations from the ENIGMA MRS working group

Bartnik-Olson BL, Alger JR, Babikian T, Harris AD, Holshouser B, Kirov II, Maudsley AA, Thompson PM, Dennis EL, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Lin A

Major consensus paper recommending clinical utility of MRS in TBI. Co-authored by BrainSpec co-founder Alexander Lin, PhD.
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Associations Between Neurochemistry and Gait Performance Following Concussion in Collegiate Athletes

Charney MF, Howell DR, Lanois C, Starr TC, Liao H, Coello E, Breedlove KM, Meehan WP 3rd, Koerte IK, Lin AP

Links MRS-identified neurochemical changes in the brain to measurable gait abnormalities following concussion, providing objective evidence of functional impairment correlated with metabolic injury.
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Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion

Koerte IK, Lin AP, Muehlmann M, Merugumala S, Liao H, Starr T, Kaufmann D, Mayinger M, Steffinger D, Fisch B, Karch S, Heinen F, Ertl-Wagner B, Reiser M, Stern RA, Zafonte R, Shenton ME

Former professional soccer players with no diagnosed concussions showed elevated choline and myo-inositol, correlating with cumulative head impact exposure.
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Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: a multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients

Vagnozzi R, Signoretti S, Cristofori L, Alessandrini F, Floris R, Isgrò E, Ria A, Marziali S, Marziale S, Zoccatelli G, Tavazzi B, Del Bolgia F, Sorge R, Broglio SP, McIntosh TK, Lazzarino G

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Proton MR spectroscopy and MRI-volumetry in mild traumatic brain injury

Cohen BA, Inglese M, Rusinek H, Babb JS, Grossman RI, Gonen O

Combines volumetric MRI with MR spectroscopy to identify neurochemical changes in mild TBI patients, demonstrating that metabolic alterations are detectable even when structural imaging appears normal.
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